Lesson 9.4 Smoking, tobacco smoke and lung diseases

Learning Activity 1

Answer the following questions in your exercise book.

1. It has been suggested that passive smoking is more harmful than active smoking. Why do you think this can be? Do some research on this. Do you agree with this suggestion? What are the harmful effects of passive smoking?
2. Recent research shows that it is easier to prevent young people from starting to smoke than stopping people from smoking once they have begun. Write a full essay discussing the dangers of smoking, why this topic is important and why it is better not to start smoking. In your essay discuss the role of tar and carcinogens. (You will need to do extra research as the textbook is too brief).

Learning Activity 2

Answer the following questions in your exercise book.

1. Explain why it is possible for people to develop airborne infections such as influenza or pneumonia. What causes these diseases?
2. Name some examples of COPD diseases. What causes these diseases?

Learning Activity 3

Answer the following questions in your exercise book.

1. Describe and explain how tar in cigarette smoke can cause chronic bronchitis.
2. Describe the signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis.

Learning Activity 4

Answer the following questions in your exercise book.

1. 1. Study Figure 9.6 on page 191
      
      1. Notice the role of elastin in enabling the alveoli to partially deflate when breathing out. What would be the benefit of deflating the alveoli?
      2. What would be the consequence of not deflating the alveoli?
      3. Describe the role of elastin in the alveoli
   2. Describe emphysema and how it is caused.
   3. Explain why people with emphysema have a rapid breathing rate.
   4. Explain why the right side of the heart would enlarge in a person with emphysema.
   5. Why do you think recovery from COPD in older people is not possible?
   6. Study Figure 9.85 which shows a CT scan of a horizontal section through the thorax. Note the emphysema in the right lung.
   7. WHO (World Health Organisation) predicts that COPD will become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030.
      
      1. What are the current top three leading causes of death worldwide?
      2. What factors will lead to COPD becoming the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030?
      3. What do you think needs to be done to minimize the rise of COPD?
   8. Answer Question 9.4 on p.192.

Learning Activity 5

Answer the following questions in your exercise book.

1. What is the main difference between a carcinogen and pathogen?
2. Why do you think lung cancer takes so long to develop?
3. Study Figure 9.9 – which shows an example of bronchial cancer. What do you think the effect of such a cancer will be on the gas exchange system?
4. Name the three methods used to diagnose lung cancer.
5. Name the three main methods of treating lung cancer.

Learning Activity 6

Answer the following questions in your exercise book.

1. Create a table comparing bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and lung cancer. Compare the following:
   
   1. Cause
   2. Signs and symptoms
   3. Treatments

Learning Activity 7

Answer the following questions in your exercise book.

1. Explain how nicotine affects the cardiovascular system.
2. Why is nicotine addictive?
3. Explain the effect of carbon monoxide on the cardiovascular system.
4. Explain what coronary heart disease is. How can smoking contribute to the development of coronary heart disease?
5. Explain what a stroke is. How can smoking can contribute to the development of a stroke?
6. Answer Questions 9.5 and 9.6 on p.194.

Mindmap

Add this section to your chapter nine mindmap.